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Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Central Africa and the west coast of Southern Africa. It is the second largest lusophone country in both total area and population, and it is the seventh-largest country in Africa, bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and largest city is Luanda. Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. Its formation as a nation state originates from Portuguese colonisation, which initially began with coastal settlements and trading posts founded in the 16th century. In the 19th century, European settlers gradually began to establish themselves in the interior.